{"id":17559,"date":"2021-07-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-06-30T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/predmeti\/kovanec-jiaqing-tongbao-12\/"},"modified":"2023-08-28T11:50:49","modified_gmt":"2023-08-28T09:50:49","slug":"kovanec-jiaqing-tongbao-12-4","status":"publish","type":"predmeti","link":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/predmeti\/kovanec-jiaqing-tongbao-12-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Coin Jiaqing tongbao<\/em>"},"content":{"rendered":"

A round copper alloy coin with a square hole in the centre, called fangkong qian<\/em> \u65b9\u5b54\u9322. These appeared in various denominations, mostly as tongbao<\/em> \u901a\u5bf6 (“ordinary currency”) coins, which were worth one monetary unit, and yuanbao<\/em> \u5143\u5bf6 (“original currency”) and zhongbao<\/em> \u91cd\u5bf6 (“heavy currency”), which had a higher face value. Such coins were in circulation as standard money, in many varieties and denominations, from the time of Emperor Gaozu \u9ad8\u7956 (reigned 618\u2013626), first emperor of the Tang Dynasty (618\u2013907), until the end of the Qing Dynasty (1644\u20131912). The inscription on the coin usually consists of two characters, reading from top to bottom, indicating the name of the imperial reign or the single reign period (nianhao<\/em> \u5e74\u865f) in which the coin was minted. The other two characters are read from right to left. On the left-hand side of the coin, we always find the character bao<\/em> \u5bf6 (wealth, preciousness), which in combination with the character on the right means “currency” or “money in circulation”. This is most often the character tong<\/em> \u901a (circulate, be uniform, general, or universal), but often it is also yuan<\/em> \u5143 (original) or zhong<\/em> \u91cd (weight), which usually denote coins with a larger face value. Thus, the entire inscription literally means “money in circulation during the time of this or that emperor” or “during this or that period of the reign of a single emperor”. Coins from the time of the last, Manchu Qing dynasty have, in addition to the inscription in four Chinese characters on the obverse, an inscription on the reverse, usually indicating the location of the mint. It was originally written in Chinese, then in Chinese and Manchu, and finally only in Manchu.<\/p>\n

The coin in the photo is worn, but we can still make out the Chinese characters Jiaqing tongbao<\/em> \u5609\u6176\u901a\u5bf6 on the obverse, which means it was minted during the reign of Jiaqing \u5609\u6176 (reigned 1796\u20131820), He was the 15th son and successor of Qianlong \u4e7e\u9686 (reigned 1735\u20131796). By his time, the Qing Dynasty had already begun to weaken economically, resulting in gradual inflation and later a shortage of money. As a result, the coins of this period were already of inferior quality to those of the Kangxi \u5eb7\u7199 (reigned 1661\u20131722) and Qianlong reigns. The inscription on the reverse is written entirely in Manchu script. On the left is written from top to bottom boo<\/em> \u182a\u1823\u1823, which is a phonetic transcription of the Chinese bao<\/em> meaning “money”, “treasure”, or “currency”, while on the right-hand side is the Manchu inscription ciowan<\/em> \u1834\u1873\u1823\u1838\u1820\u1828, a phonetic transcription of the Chinese term quan<\/em> \u6cc9 meaning “source”. The full spelling, boo ciowan<\/em> \u182a\u1823\u1823 \u1834\u1873\u1823\u1838\u1820\u1828, is a Manchu phonetic approximation of the Chinese term baoquan<\/em> \u5bf6\u6cc9, meaning “source of wealth”, and indicates that the coin was minted at a mint under the administration and supervision of the Bureau of Revenue (Hubu<\/em> \u6236\u90e8) in Beijing. (MG)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A round copper alloy coin with a square hole in the centre, called fangkong qian \u65b9\u5b54\u9322. These appeared in various denominations, mostly as tongbao \u901a\u5bf6 (“ordinary currency”) coins, which were worth one monetary unit, and yuanbao \u5143\u5bf6 (“original currency”) and zhongbao \u91cd\u5bf6 (“heavy currency”), which had a higher face value. Such coins were in circulation … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9379,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","primary_term_category":"","primary_term_post_tag":"","primary_term_nav_menu":"","primary_term_link_category":"","primary_term_post_format":"","primary_term_wp_theme":"","primary_term_wp_template_part_area":"","primary_term_wp_pattern_category":"","primary_term_cat_usage":"","primary_term_cat_material":"","primary_term_cat_period":"","primary_term_cat_century":"","primary_term_cat_collection":"","primary_term_cat_museum":"","primary_term_cat_castle":"","primary_term_cat_region":"","primary_term_translation_priority":""},"cat_usage":[97],"cat_material":[111],"cat_period":[],"cat_century":[],"cat_collection":[],"cat_museum":[153],"cat_castle":[],"cat_region":[159],"class_list":["post-17559","predmeti","type-predmeti","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","cat_usage-numismatics","cat_material-metal","cat_museum-slovene-ethnographic-museum","cat_region-china"],"acf":{"hidden_predmet_id":17559,"id":"NU0008","repeater_images":[{"image":13348},{"image":13349}],"caption":"cpy","owner":"Slovene Ethnographic Museum","time_of_ownership":"","type_of_ownership":"","previous_owners":"","state":"well preserved","history":"","media":"","author":"","manufacturer":"","place":"","material_description":"copper alloy ","technique":"copper alloy casting","dimensions":"radius: 23 mm","title_content":"\u5609\u6176\u901a\u5bf6 Jiaqing tongbao (standard currency during the Jiaqing reign)","signature":"","censor":"","stamp":"","date_of_correspondence":"","addressee":"","sender":"","parts":"1","official_name":"Jiaqing tongbao \u5609\u6176\u901a\u5bf6","original_inventory_numbers":"","motiff":"","dating_emperors":"Jiaqing \u5609\u6176 (reigned 1796\u20131820)","format":"","binding_technique":"","calligraphy_style":"","location_inscription_object":"","location_signature_object":"","location_censor_signature":"","location_stamp_object":"","audio":"","video":"","r_items":null},"wpml_language":"en","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/predmeti\/17559","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/predmeti"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/predmeti"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/predmeti\/17559\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18303,"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/predmeti\/17559\/revisions\/18303"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9379"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17559"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"cat_usage","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cat_usage?post=17559"},{"taxonomy":"cat_material","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cat_material?post=17559"},{"taxonomy":"cat_period","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cat_period?post=17559"},{"taxonomy":"cat_century","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cat_century?post=17559"},{"taxonomy":"cat_collection","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cat_collection?post=17559"},{"taxonomy":"cat_museum","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cat_museum?post=17559"},{"taxonomy":"cat_castle","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cat_castle?post=17559"},{"taxonomy":"cat_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cat_region?post=17559"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}