{"id":17481,"date":"2023-08-28T11:16:52","date_gmt":"2023-08-28T09:16:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/predmeti\/fotografija-nizozemska-legacija-2\/"},"modified":"2023-08-28T11:16:52","modified_gmt":"2023-08-28T09:16:52","slug":"fotografija-nizozemska-legacija-2","status":"publish","type":"predmeti","link":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/predmeti\/fotografija-nizozemska-legacija-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Fotografija <em>Nizozemska legacija<\/em>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u010crno-bela fotografija prikazuje diplomatsko \u010detrt v Pekingu (Dongjiaominxiang \u6771\u4ea4\u6c11\u5df7). Ta se je med letoma 1861 in 1959 vzpostavila na obmo\u010dju notranjih, cesarskih \u010detrti (Neicheng \u5185\u57ce), vzhodno od dana\u0161njega Trga nebe\u0161kega miru (Tiananmen Guangchang \u5929\u5b89\u9580\u5ee3\u5834) in ju\u017eno od Prepovedanega mesta (Gugong \u6545\u5bab oz. Zijincheng \u7d2b\u7981\u57ce). Po drugi opijski vojni (1856\u20131860) se je tam naselilo ve\u010d tujih delegacij, ki so vzpostavile poslani\u0161tva oziroma legacije svojih dr\u017eav. Privabljala je \u0161tevilne diplomate, vojake, u\u010denjake, umetnike, turiste in sinofile. \u010ceprav mednarodni sporazumi, s katerimi je Kitajska podeljevala ekstrateritorialne pravice tujim velesilam nad deli svojega ozemlja, segajo v 19. stoletje, je bila jurisdikcija nad samo diplomatsko \u010detrtjo v Pekingu tujim dr\u017eavam dodeljena \u0161ele leta 1901, po 55-dnevnem obleganju \u010detrti med dvoletno boksarsko vstajo (<em>Yuanyituan Yundong<\/em> \u7fa9\u548c\u5718\u904b\u52d5), ki se je kon\u010dala z zmago zdru\u017eenih tujih sil. Zaradi sodelovanja kitajskega dvora z vstajniki je bila Kitajska prisiljena podpisati Boksarski protokol (<em>Xinchou tiaoyue<\/em> \u8f9b\u4e11\u689d\u7d04), v katerem je bilo opredeljeno tudi upravljanje diplomatske \u010detrti v Pekingu. <\/p>\n<p>Vse do zgodnjega dvajsetega stoletja so bile tu prisotne vse svetovne velesile, med njimi Nizozemska, Zdru\u017eeno kraljestvo, Francija, Nem\u010dija, Japonska, Rusija, Italija, \u0160panija, Belgija in ZDA. Manj\u0161o parcelo je imela v lasti tudi avstro-ogrska monarhija. Podpis prvega sporazuma o eksteritorialni jurisdikciji med Nizozemsko in Kitajsko sega v leto 1863. Med letoma 1917 in 1919 je Nizozemska okupirala nem\u0161ko legacijo, leta 1920 pa je pod neposredno upravljanje dobila \u0161e vsa ruska posestva v Pekingu. <\/p>\n<p>Poseben status diplomatske \u010detrti v Pekingu je <em>de facto<\/em> kon\u010dala druga svetovna vojna in med nadaljnjimi politi\u010dnimi dogajanji v kitajski dr\u017eavi je bila ve\u010dina stavb v \u010detrti uni\u010dena. <\/p>\n<p>Fotografija je 41. od 449 fotografij Pekinga in okolice v albumu, ki ga je Ivan Sku\u0161ek ml. kupil med svojim bivanjem v Pekingu (1914\u20131920). V ro\u010dnem popisu albuma je fotografija imenovana kot <em>Holl\u00e4ndische Legation<\/em>.<br \/>\n (DZ)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u010crno-bela fotografija prikazuje diplomatsko \u010detrt v Pekingu (Dongjiaominxiang \u6771\u4ea4\u6c11\u5df7). Ta se je med letoma 1861 in 1959 vzpostavila na obmo\u010dju notranjih, cesarskih \u010detrti (Neicheng \u5185\u57ce), vzhodno od dana\u0161njega Trga nebe\u0161kega miru (Tiananmen Guangchang \u5929\u5b89\u9580\u5ee3\u5834) in ju\u017eno od Prepovedanega mesta (Gugong \u6545\u5bab oz. Zijincheng \u7d2b\u7981\u57ce). Po drugi opijski vojni (1856\u20131860) se je tam naselilo ve\u010d tujih &#8230; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9945,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","primary_term_category":"","primary_term_post_tag":"","primary_term_nav_menu":"","primary_term_link_category":"","primary_term_post_format":"","primary_term_wp_theme":"","primary_term_wp_template_part_area":"","primary_term_wp_pattern_category":"","primary_term_cat_usage":"","primary_term_cat_material":"","primary_term_cat_period":"","primary_term_cat_century":"","primary_term_cat_collection":"","primary_term_cat_museum":"","primary_term_cat_castle":"","primary_term_cat_region":"","primary_term_translation_priority":""},"cat_usage":[105],"cat_material":[114],"cat_period":[],"cat_century":[147],"cat_collection":[151],"cat_museum":[153],"cat_castle":[],"cat_region":[159],"class_list":["post-17481","predmeti","type-predmeti","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","cat_usage-postcards-and-photographs","cat_material-paper","cat_century-c20th","cat_collection-skuseks-collection-sem","cat_museum-slovene-ethnographic-museum","cat_region-china"],"acf":{"hidden_predmet_id":17481,"id":"RF0641","repeater_images":[{"image":13911}],"caption":"cce","owner":"Slovenski etnografski muzej","time_of_ownership":"","type_of_ownership":"","previous_owners":"Ivan Sku\u0161ek ml. in Tsuneko Kondo Kawase - Marija Sku\u0161ek, Narodni muzej Slovenije, Slovenski etnografski muzej","state":"dobro ohranjena","history":"","media":"","author":"","manufacturer":"","place":"Peking","material_description":"","technique":"\u010drno-bela fotografija","dimensions":"dol\u017eina: 13,5 cm, \u0161irina: 8,4 cm","title_content":"","signature":"","censor":"","stamp":"","date_of_correspondence":"","addressee":"","sender":"","parts":"1","official_name":"","original_inventory_numbers":"","motiff":"","dating_emperors":"","format":"","binding_technique":"","calligraphy_style":"","location_inscription_object":"","location_signature_object":"","location_censor_signature":"","location_stamp_object":"","audio":"","video":"","r_items":null},"wpml_language":"en","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/predmeti\/17481","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/predmeti"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/predmeti"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/predmeti\/17481\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9945"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17481"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"cat_usage","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cat_usage?post=17481"},{"taxonomy":"cat_material","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cat_material?post=17481"},{"taxonomy":"cat_period","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cat_period?post=17481"},{"taxonomy":"cat_century","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cat_century?post=17481"},{"taxonomy":"cat_collection","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cat_collection?post=17481"},{"taxonomy":"cat_museum","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cat_museum?post=17481"},{"taxonomy":"cat_castle","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cat_castle?post=17481"},{"taxonomy":"cat_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/products.vazcollections.si\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cat_region?post=17481"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}